However, organizations of space weather prediction usually only display the real-time ≥2 MeV electron fluxes and the predictions of ≥2 MeV electron fluxes or daily fluences within the next 1–3 days by models at one location in GEO orbit. Geostationary satellites at different longitudes encounter different energetic electron environments. The energetic electrons in the Earth’s radiation belt, known as “killer electrons”, are one of the crucial factors for the safety of geostationary satellites. The EGtrop model is applicable not only at the global scale but also at the regional scale and exhibits the advantage of local enhancement. It is verified that the EGtrop model has high accuracy with Bias and RMSE of −0.25 cm and 3.79 cm, respectively, with respect to the sounding station, and with Bias and RMSE of 0.42 cm and 3.65 cm, respectively, with respect to IGS products. The tropospheric delay calculated with global sounding station and tropospheric delay products of IGS stations in 2020 are employed to validate the new product model. We apply tropospheric delay derived from IGS stations not involved in modeling as reference data for validating the dataset, and statistical results indicate that the global mean Bias of the SH_set is 0.08 cm, while the average global root mean square error (RMSE) is 2.61 cm, which meets the requirements of the tropospheric delay model applied in the wide-area augmentation system (WAAS), indicating the feasibility of the product strategy. Authors may use MDPI'sĮnglish editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.īased on the ERA-5 meteorological data from 2015 to 2019, we establish the global tropospheric delay spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients set called the SH_set and develop the global tropospheric delay SH coefficients empirical model called EGtrop using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method and periodic functions.
Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts should be submitted online at by registering and logging in to this website. This issue is focusing on physics processes that are behind space weather and on their modeling to achieve a reliable predictive capability of space weather forecast in operation of HF, GNSS and satellite observations.
The goal of this special issue is to provide a present-day understanding of physical processes from the Sun to the Earth environment and to report advances in monitoring and prediction of space weather. Solar activity appearing itself as solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CME), EUV and X-ray emissions as well as energetic particle precipitations affects the Earth’s magnetosphere and upper atmosphere resulting in magnetic, ionospheric and thermospheric storms. Space weather includes a wide spectrum of physical processes with various spatial and temporal scales which affect different users and technologies. Space Weather refers to the study of solar activity of the Near Earth Environment and its impact on the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems.
0 kommentar(er)
